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什么是英语中所说的过去分词?我要具体解释..谢谢了 英语中 过去分词什么意思?如何用?

来源:www.baiyundou.net   日期:较早时间
一、动词的-ed形式的特征
A.动词的-ed形式是由动词的过去分词构成
动词的-ed形式只有一种形式,即传统语法中的过去分词。绝大部分的动词的-ed形式由动词原形加-ed构成,也有一些动词的-ed形式是不规则的。
1. 规则动词的-ed形式
limit→limited(限制)
pretend→pretended(假装)
escape→escaped(逃脱)
provide→provided(提供)
refer→referred(提交)
drag→dragged(拖)
pray→prayed(祈祷)
supply→supplied(供应)
2.不规则动词的-ed形式
cast→cast(投掷)
spread→spread(传播)
bite→bitten(咬)
forgive→forgiven(原谅)
spit→spat( 吐)
wear→worn(穿)
fight→fought(搏斗)
lose→lost(丢失)
3.少数动词的-ed形式作定语时,读音与一般过去分词不同
learned a learned professor 一位知识渊博的教授
aged an aged man 老人
beloved his beloved computer 他心爱的计算机

B.动词的-ed形式的否定形式
动词的-ed形式的否定形式是由not或never加动词的-ed形式构成。
Not allowed to go in, he had to wait outside. 不允许他进去,他只好在外面等着。
Never invited to his party, she got angry with him. 从未被邀请过去他的聚会,她很生气。
C.动词的-ed形式的特征
动词的-ed形式有被动的意思,有时也可表示完成的动作。
1.动词的-ed形式表示已完成的动作。
除了作形容词用的-ed形式外,动词的-ed形式可带有完成的意义,有的同时也带有被动的意义。
Born and brought up in the countryside, he was interested in biology. 由于在农村出生并长大,他对生物很感兴趣。
One of the glasses was found broken. 有人发现其中一个杯子破了。
The books, written by Lu Xun, are popular with many Chinese people. 鲁迅写的这些书,受到了许多中国人的喜爱。
2.及物动词的-ed形式一般表示被动的意思。
Given more time, I could have solved that riddle. 要是有充足的时间,我就能猜出那个谜语。(句子的主语I 和动词give之间是被动关系。)
When you speak English, be sure to make yourself understood. 你说英语的时候,一定要让人懂得你的意思。(动词make的宾语yourself和宾语补足语understand之间是被动关系。)
The experience gained in the army was of great value to our study. 在军队获得的经验对我们的学习很有帮助。
3.不及物动词的-ed形式只表示完成的意思,并不带有被动的含义。
an escaped prisoner 逃犯 (= a prisoner who has escaped)
a retired worker 退休工人 (= a worker who has retired)
a newly arrived guest 新来的客人 (= a guest who has just arrived)
We should bring in advanced technology from developed countries from time to time.我们应该不时地从发达国家引进先进技术。
People should pay attention to the changed situation. 人们应该注意到变化了的形势。二、动词的-ed形式的用法

动词的-ed形式在句中主要起形容词和副词的作用,可以作定语、表语、状语和补语。

A.动词的-ed形式作表语
1.-ed形式在连系动词后作表语,说明主语的状态。
The students are fully prepared. 学生们已做好了充分的准备。
When we got there, the shop was closed. 我们到那儿时,商店已经关门了。
She felt satisfied with her performance on the high-and-low bars. 她对自己在高低杠上的表现感到很满意。
The land remained unexploited. 这片土地尚未开发。
Hearing the news, he looked disappointed. 听到这个消息,他看起来非常失望。
The top of the mountain is covered with snow all through the year. 山顶上终年积雪覆盖。
比较:
要把-ed形式作表语和被动语态区别开来。作表语的-ed形式表示状态,被动语态中的-ed形式表示被动动作。
All the doors are locked. 所有的门都是锁着的。(-ed形式作表语,表示状态)
All the doors were locked by the guard. 所有的门都被卫兵锁上了。(被动语态,表示动作)
Peter the Great is buried here. 彼得大帝就埋葬在这里。(-ed形式作表语,表示状态
Peter the Great was buried here in 1725. 彼得大帝于1725年被埋葬在这里。(被动语态,表示动作)
2.同一动词的-ed形式与-ing形式作表语时的区别。
动词的-ed形式作表语,主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态,含有被动的意思,而-ing形式作 表语多表示主语具有的特征,含有主动的意思。
They were frightened to hear the frightening sound. 他们听到那可怕的声音很害怕。
At the sight of the moving scene, all the people present were moved. 看到这么动人的情景,所有在场的人都感动了。
提示:
上述动词的-ed形式,有的(如pleased, tired, excited, disappointed等)已经变成形容词,可以被very, too等副词修饰。有的(如amused, puzzled, relaxed等)还不能被very, too修饰,只能被much修饰。
These problems are very puzzling. 这些问题很令人迷惑。
We are much puzzled by his failure to reply. 他不给我们回信使我们百思不得其解。
His speech was very moving. 他的演讲非常感人。
All the people present were moved to tears. 在场的所有人都被感动得流泪了。
B.动词的-ed形式作宾语补足语
当作宾语补足语的动词和前面的宾语之间是被动关系时,一般应用动词的-ed形式作宾语的补足语。
1.在感觉动词see, hear, feel, notice, watch, find后作宾语补足语。
I heard the Ninth Symphony played last night. 昨晚我听了第九交响乐的演奏。
We found all the rivers seriously polluted. 我们发现所有的河流都被严重污染了。
Yesterday I noticed a little girl caught stealing in the shop. 昨天我在商店里注意到一个小女孩偷东西被抓住了。
He felt his collar pulled by someone from behind. 他感觉到衣领被人从后面拉了一下。
2.在使役动词get, have, make, leave, keep等后作宾语补足语。
①动词的-ed形式作get的宾语补足语。
Doris got her bad tooth pulled out in the hospital. 多丽丝在医院把坏牙拔了。
I'll just get these dishes washed and then I'll come. 我得先把盘子洗了,然后就来。
比较:
动词get后也可接动词不定式或动词的-ing形式作宾语补足语,和宾语是主动关系。
I couldn誸 get the car to start this morning. 今早我无法把汽车发动起来。
He got his sister to help him with his clothes. 他让姐姐帮他洗衣服。
It is not hard to get him talking; the problem is stopping him! 让他说话不难,难的是说开了止不住他。
Can you really get that old clock going again 你真的能让那辆旧钟再走起来吗?
②动词的-ed形式作make的宾语补足语。
He raised his voice in order to make himself heard. 他提高了嗓门为了使别人听清他的讲话。
You should make your views known to the public. 你应该让公众知道你的观点。
注意:
动词make后的宾语补足语可用不带to的动词不定式或动词的-ed形式,但不可用动词的-ing形式。
【误】Can you make the students understanding the text
【正】Can you make the students understand the text 你能让学生理解这篇课文吗?
【正】Can you make the text understood by the students 你能让学生理解这篇课文吗?
③动词的-ed形式作keep或leave的宾语补足语。
They all went home, leaving all the work undone. 所有的工作都没完成,他们就回家了。
The detective and his assistant kept themselves locked in the room all night. 侦探和他的助手把自己整夜反锁在房间里。
3.动词的-ed形式也可用在with(without)结构中,作介词的宾语补足语。
With everything well arranged, he left the office. 一切都安排妥善之后,他离开了办公室。
She has com
e back with her backpack filled with interesting picture-books. 她已经回来了,背包里塞满了有趣的图书。
Without any grain left in the house, the little girl had to go begging. 家里没有粮食,小女孩只好出去讨饭。
Without any more time given, we couldn't finish the task in three weeks. 如果不再给我们任何时间的话,我们三星期之内完成不了任务。
4.某些动词后(如want, need, prefer, would like等),作宾语补足语的不定式被动形式省略“to be”,就成了-ed形式作宾语补足语。
I would like this matter (to be) settled immediately. 我希望这事立即得到解决。
I'd prefer this book translated by my sister. 我情愿让我妹妹来翻译这本书。
We need the work (to be) finished by Saturday. 我们需要这项工作周六之前完成。
The peasants don't want good farmland (to be) built on. 农民们不想让好好的农田被用来建造房子。
C.动词的-ed形式作定语
动词的-ed形式作定语修饰名词分为前置和后置两类。
1.前置定语
单个的动词的-ed形式作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前,作前置定语。
A watched pot never boils. 心急锅不开。
All the broken doors and windows have been repaired. 所有的坏门窗都修好了。
When we arrived, we each were given a printed question paper. 我们到达的时候,每人被发给了一份印制好的试卷。
提示:
如要表示强调,单个动词-ed形式也可作后置定语。
Money spent is more than money earned. 入不敷出。
2.后置定语
作后置定语的-ed形式一般都带有修饰语或其他成分,在语法上相当于一个定语从句。
We have read many novels written by this author. 我们读过这个作家写的许多小说。(= that are written by this author)
Half of the honoured guests invited to the reception were foreign ambassadors. 被邀请到招待会上的贵宾有一半都是外国大使。(= who had been invited to the reception)
The meeting, attended by one thousand students, was a success. 这次会议获得很大的成功,共有一千名学生出席了。(= which was attended by one thousand students)
A woman, dressed like a lawyer, came in and took her seat as judge. 一个律师装扮的女人走了进来,并作为法官就座。(= who was dressed like a lawyer)
3.动词的-ed形式作定语和-ing形式作定语的区别
动词的-ed形式作定语表示动作已完成或和被动,而-ing形式作定语表示动作正在进行或和主动。
the risen sun 升起了的太阳
the rising sun 正在升起的太阳
boiled water 开水
boiling water 正沸腾的水
developed countries 发达国家
developing countries 发展中国家
fallen leaves 落叶
falling leaves 正在飘落的叶子
changed condition 改变了的情况
changing condition 变化着的情况
D.动词的-ed形式作状语动词的-ed形式作状语和-ing形式作状语一样,也可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、 方式或伴随情况等。
1.表示时间
动词的-ed形式作状语表示时间,相当于一个时间状语从句。
Seen from the tower, the city looks beautiful. 从塔上往下看,城市显得很美丽。(= When the city is seen from the tower...)
Shown the lab, we were taken to see the library. 带我们参观了实验室之后,又带我们参观了图书馆。(= After we had been shown the lab...)
Completely examined by the doctors, he went back to school right away. 经过医生彻底检查以后,他立刻回到了学校。(= After he was completely examined...)
提示:
有时动词的-ed形式前可加连词when或while来强调时间概念。
When asked why she was late for class again, she hung her head in shame. 当被问到为什么上课又迟到时,她羞愧地低下了头。
Once recovered, he went all out to do his work. 一恢复健康,他就全力以赴地干起了工作。
Once started, the clock will go half a month and keep good time.一旦给这钟上了发条,它就会走半个月,并且走得很准。
2. 表示原因
动词的-ed形式作状语表示原因,相当于一个原因状语从句。
Moved by the heroic deeds, the children couldn't help crying. 孩子们被英雄事迹感动,情不自禁地哭了起来。(= Since they were moved by the heroic deeds ...)
Written in haste, her letter is very hard to read. 因为写得快,她的信很难阅读。(=As it was written in haste ...)
Excited by the new discovery, we decided to go out and celebrate. 我们因为新发现而激动万分,决定出去庆祝一下。(Because we were excited by...)
注意:
为了使-ed形式表示的条件、动词让步意义更加明显,我们可以加上适当的连词。
Even if invited,I won'tgo. 即使受到邀请,我也不去。
Though beaten by the opposite team,they did not lose heart. 虽然被对手打败,便他们并没有丧失信心。
Unless invited,he will not come back to the company. 除非被邀请,不然他不会回到公司来的。
3. 表示条件
动词的-ed形式作状语表示条件,相当于一个条件状语从句。
Heated, water changes into steam. 加热,水就能变成蒸汽。(= If water is heated...)
Given more time, he would be able to do better. 假如多给一些时间,他会干得更出色。(= If he was given more time ...)
Compared with other professors, she was an excellent speaker. 与其他教授相比,她是一个优秀的演说家。
4. 表示让步
动词的-ed形式作状语表示让步,相当于一个thoughalthough引导的让步状语从句。
Exhausted by the running, they went on running after the robber. 尽管已经跑得筋疲力尽,他们还是继续追赶着那个强盗。(= Although they were exhausted by the running ...)
Laughed at by many people, he continued his research. 尽管被许多人嘲笑,他还是继续他的研究。(= Even if he was laughed by many people ...)
Questioned many times a day, Andrew kept silent over the murder. 尽管一天被盘问了多次,安德鲁仍然对那件谋杀案保持沉默。
提示:
有时动词的-ed形式作状语和动词的-ing形式的被动式作状语,并没有多大的区别,可以互换。
Suddenly seized with a high fever, he was unable to attend school. 他因突然发热不能来上学。
= Being suddenly seized with a high fever, he was unable to attend school. 他因突然发热不能来上学。
Brought up in the countryside, he found it hard to get used to town life. 因为是在农村长大的,他感到很难适应城市生活。
= Having been brought up in the countryside, he found it hard to get used to town life. 因为是在农村长大的,他感到很难适应城市生活。
5.表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明。
动词的-ed形式作状语表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明时,通常位于句子的后面,相当于一个并列分句。
The teacher stood there, surrounded by the students. 老师站在那儿,被学生围住了。(= and he was surrounded by the students)
He went into the office, followed by some children. 他走进办公室,后面跟着一些孩子。(= and he was followed by some children)
They turned around and stood in the middle of the room, completely astonished. 他们转过身来,站在房间中央,完全惊呆了。
She accepted the gift, deeply moved. 她接受了礼物,深深地感动了。
注意:
动词的-ed形式在句中不能用作主语或宾语。
【误】Invited to the state banquet is a great honour.
【正】To be invited to the state banquet is a great honour. 被邀请出席国宴是极大的荣耀。
【误】I cannot stand laughed at.
【正】I cannot stand being laughed at. 我不能容忍被人嘲笑。
三、动词的-ed形式的逻辑主语
A.动词的-ed形式在句中作状语和表语时,它的逻辑主语一般来说就是句子的
主语,-ed形式和主语之间是被动关系。
Locked up, he had no way to escape. 他被锁了起来,没有办法逃跑了。
Lost in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. 他陷入了沉思,几乎撞到了前面的汽车。
She became discouraged at the news. 听到这个消息,她泄气了。
Though it was 1000 a.m., the door of the shop remained locked. 尽管已经是上午10点了,商店的门仍然锁着。
B.当动词的-ed形式在句中作定语时,它的逻辑主语是被它修饰的名词,它和名词之间是被动关系。
The first textbooks written for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. 第一批编写出来作为英语教材的课本是16世纪出版的。
The computer center, opened last year, is very popular among the students in this school. 去年开办的计算机中心深受这所学校的学生喜爱。

A lighted candle lit up the cellar. 一支点燃的蜡烛照亮了地下室。
C.当动词的-ed形式在句中作宾语补语或主语补语时,它的逻辑主语是句子的主语或宾语,它们之间的关系是被动关系。
Vivien got her fingers trapped in the bicycle chain. 薇薇恩把手指卡在自行车链条里了。(trapped的逻辑主语是句子的宾语fingers)
The valuable vase was found stolen. 那个珍贵的花瓶发现被盗了。(stolen的逻辑主语是句子的主语vase)
We got home only to find the whole house turned upside down. Thieves obviously had broken in. 我们回到家发现整幢房子被翻得乱七八糟, 很明显小偷闯进来了。
D.动词的-ed形式有时可有其独立的逻辑主语,常用作状语(详见“第8章 独立主格结构”)。
Everything done, we went home. 一切事情都做完了,我们就回家了。
All our money run out, Henry had to find another job. 钱都用完了,亨利不得不再找一份工作。
He was lying on the grass, his hands crossed under his head. 他躺在草地上,头枕着双手。
All things considered, the planned trip will have to be called off. 考虑到所有的情况,原来计划好的旅行不得不取消。
E.动词的-ed形式作独立成分。
动词的-ed形式的一些固定词组也可在句中作独立成分,不受逻辑主语的限制。
Put frankly, I don't agree with what he said. 坦白地说,我不同意他所说的。
Given the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation. 考虑到他一般的身体状况,手术后的恢复可能需要一段时间。
参考资料:http://www.800edu.net/ja1_view_15806.html

英语中 过去分词什么意思?如何用?~

一、虽然过去分词与现在分词一般被动式都有被动意义,但是过去分词只强调被动意思,表明动作已经完成,而现在分词一般被动式既有进行又有被动的意味。在下列各种用法中区别非常明显:
(1)过去分词在构成完成时态,不定式完成式以及被动语态时,通常不能用现在分词一般被动式代替。(现在进行时的被动语态除外)
eg:The door was closed an hour ago.
这门在一小时前就关闭了。
They have finished their homework。
他们已经做完了家庭作业
(2)过去分词作前置定语时,不能用现在分词一般被动式代替。
eg: That was an inspired suggestion.
那是一条由某人提出的建议。
同样现在分词一般被动式作为定语表示动作时,也不能用过去分词来代替。
eg:The house being built is a big project.
正在施工的那幢楼是一项大的工程。
(3)过去分词作条件、时间等状语时,不可用现在分词一般被动式代替。
eg:Given more time,I can do it better.(表条件)
多给点时间,我会做得更好些。
Given more attention,the trees could have grown better.(MET 90)(表示条件)
如果多关心一些,这些树会长得更好。
Heated ,the metal expands.(表示时间)
加热后,这种金属会膨胀。
Asked why he did it,he said it was his duty .(表示时间)
问及为何要做此事时,他说这是他的职责。
(4)过去分词作表语时,不能用现在分词一般被动式代替。
eg:The top of the mountain is covered with snow .山顶满是雪。
(5)过去分词在构成have,get,want等动词后的复合宾语时,不能用现在分词一般被动式。
eg:Why don’t you have the radio fixed?
你为什么不把收音机拿去修一修?
尤其是一些感官动词,如:see,hear,find等后构成复合宾语时,过去分词和现在分词一般被动式意思完全不同。
eg:I heard this song being sung by my students in the next room.
我听到隔壁房间的学生正在吟唱这首歌。
(注:现在分词一般被动式表示正在进行的动作)
I have never heard this song sung in English.
我从来没有听到过用英语唱这首歌。
(注:过去分词表示己完成的动作)
(6)在下面一些比较固定的分词独立结构中,通常多用过去分词。
eg: all told总计
all things considered考虑了一切因素之后
this accomplished完成这项工程之后
this explantion given这样解释之后
all said and done毕竟
二.过去分词和现在分词完成被动式的区别:
及物动词的过去分词没有完成式,但它有“完成”的含义,所以它可以代替现在分词完成被动式。
eg:The bridge had been weakened by successive storms and was no longer safe .=
Weakened by successive storms,the bridge was no longer safe.=
Having been weakened by successive storms,the bridge was no longer safe.=
这座桥接二连三地遭到暴风雨的袭击后,己经不安全了。
但若强调分词表示的行为发生在后一个动词表示的行为之前时,可用现在分词完成被动式。
eg:Having been warned about the bandits,he left his valuables at home。
当警告有强盗出没时,他就把贵重物品留在家里。
通常过去分词可作定语使用,而现在分词完成被动式却不能用作定语。
eg:The computer centre,opened last year,is very popular among the students in this school.(MET 93)
去年开办的计算机中心很受学生的欢迎。
(过去分词既能表示被动又有完成的含义)
The first textbooks written for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.(NMET 94)
作为外语的英语教科书早在十六世纪就已经出版了。
Most of the artists invited to the party were from south America(MET 90)
应邀参加舞会的大多数艺术家都来自南美。
过去分词可以用“连词+过去分词”的结构作状语,其实质就是状语从句的省略,而现在分词的完成被动式却不能这样用。
eg:Once seen,it can never be forgetten.
目睹一眼,终生难忘。
If bitten by a snake,you should send for help and don't walk
要是你被蛇咬了,你应当向别人求助而不要走。
When shot in the leg,he continued to fire back with his gun.
虽腿部己遭枪击,他人仍然继续开枪还击。
The room,although supposed to be kept locked,was often left open.
通常以为是锁着的那个房间,其实经常敞开着。
综上所述,过去分词与现在分词被动式无论其形式和内涵,都有一定的差异。正确地区别它们的异同,准确地运用它们的表达形式,对英语学习者来说,尤为重要,只要多加比较,反复体会,就能掌握这一知识点。

楼上的别乱说,过去式和过去分词是不一样的两种概念。
过去分词
规则动词的过去分词由动词原形加ed构成,不规则动词的过去分词见不规则动词表。
1. 及物动词的过去分词作表语,与句子主语是被动关系,表示主语的状态,既表示被动,又表示完成.
The cup is broken. 茶杯破了.
2. 不及物动词的过去分词作表语,与句子主语是主动关系,表示主语的状态,只表示动作的完成.
He is retired. 他已退休.
3. 有些过去分词作表语时,构成的谓语很接近被动结构.
一、过去分词作表语
The city is surrounded on three sides by mountains. 这座城市三面环山.
【注意】过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别:过去分词作表语,主要是表示主语的状态,而被动语态则表示动作.
(1) The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday. 茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的.(是被动语态,表示动作)
(2) The library is now closed. 图书馆关门了.(过去分词作表语)
【注意】过去分词表示被动或完成, -ing 形式表示主动或进行.有些动词如 interest, bore, worry, surprise, frighten 等通常用其过去分词形式来修饰人,用 -ing 形式来修饰物.
(3) The book is interesting and I'm interested in it. 这本书很有趣,我对它很感兴趣.
二、过去分词作定语
作定语用的过去分词相当于形容词,其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词.及物动词的过去分词作定语,既表被动又表完成;不及物动词的过去分词作定语,只表完成.
1. 过去分词用作定语,如果是单个的,常置于其所修饰的名词之前.
We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions. 我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况.
2. 过去分词短语用作定语时,一般置于其所修饰的名词之后,其意义相当于一个定语从句,但较从句简洁,多用于书面语中.
The concert given by their friends was a success.他们朋友举行的音乐会大为成功.
3.过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语,前后常有逗号.
The meeting, attended by over five thousand people, welcomed the great hero. 他们举行了欢迎英雄的大会,到会的有五千多人.
4. 用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以转移到修饰非人的事物,这种过去分词在形式上虽不直接修饰人,但它所修饰的事物仍与人直接有关.
The boy looked up with a pleased expression. 男孩带着满意的表情举目而视.
三、过去分词作状语
1. 过去分词作状语过去分词作状语表示被动的和完成的动作.
(1) Written in a hurry, this article was not so good! 因为写得匆忙,这篇文章不是很好.
【注意】written 为过去分词作状语,表示这篇文章是被写的,而且已经被写. 值得注意的是,有些过去分词因来源于系表结构,作状语时不表被动而表主动.这样的过去分词及短语常见的有: lost (迷路); seated (坐); hidden (躲); stationed (驻扎); lost / absorbed in (沉溺于); born (出身于); dressed in (穿着); tired of (厌烦).
(2) Lost / Absorbed in deep thought, he didn't hear the sound.因为沉溺于思考之中,所以他没听到那个声音.
2. 过去分词作状语时其逻辑主语为主句的主语,此时应注意人称一致.
(1) Given another hour, I can also work out this problem.
再给我一个小时,我也能解这道题.(given 为过去分词作状语,它的逻辑主语为主句主语 I ,即 I 被再给一个小时.)
(2)_ Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks more beautiful to us.
从山顶看城市,城市显得更漂亮.(seen 为过去分词作状语,表"被看",由语境可知,它的逻辑主语必须是城市,而不是"我们",因为"我们"应主动看城市.)
【注意】如果过去分词作状语时,前面再加逻辑主语,主句的主语就不再是分词的逻辑主语,这种带逻辑主语的过去分词结构实际上属于独立主格结构.
(1) The signal given, the bus started. 信号一发出,汽车就开动了.(the signal 是 given 的逻辑主语,因此主句主语 the bus 就不是given 的逻辑主语.
(2) Her head held high, she went by. 她把头昂得高高地从这儿走了过去.(her head 是 held high 的逻辑主语,因此主句主语 she 就不再是held high 的逻辑主语.)
3. 过去分词作状语来源于状语从句.
(1) Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet. 因为淋了一场大雨,所以他全身湿透了. (caught in a heavy rain 为过去分词短语作原因状语,它来源于原因状语从句 Because he was caught in a heavy rain.)
(2)_Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast. 如果种在肥沃的土壤里,这些种子能长得很快.( grown in rich soil 为过去分词作条件状语,它来源于条件状语从句 If these seeds are grown in rich soil.
【注意】状语从句改成过去分词作状语时有时还可保留连词,构成"连词+过去分词"结构作状语.
When given a medical examination, you should keep calm. 当你做体格检查时要保持镇定.
4. 过去分词作状语的位置.过去分词可放在主句前作句首状语,后面有逗号与主句隔开;也可放在主句后面,前面有逗号与主句隔开.
He stood there silently, moved to tears. = Moved to tears, he stood there silently. 他静静地站在那里,被感动得热泪盈眶.
四、过去分词作宾语补足语
(一)能够接过去分词作宾补的动词有以下四类:
1. 表示感觉或心理状态的动词.如:see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel, notice, think等.
(1) I heard the song sung in English. 我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌.(过去分词sung的动作显然先于谓语动作heard;)
(2)_He found his hometown greatly changed. 他发现他的家乡变化很大.(过去分词changed的动作显然先于谓语动作found)
2. 表示"致使"意义的动词.如:have, make, get, keep, leave等.
(1) I'll have my hair cut tomorrow. 明天我要理发.
(2) He got his tooth pulled out yesterday. 他昨天把牙拔了.
(3) Don't leave those things undone. 要把那些事情做完.
3. 表示思维活动的动词如consider, know, think等后。如:
(1) I consider the matter settled. 我认为这件事解决了。
(2) I thought myself wronged somehow in the bargain. 我认为自己在这场交易中有受愚弄了。
4. 表示爱憎、意愿的动词如want, wish, like, hate等后。如:
(1) I wanted two tickets reserved. 我要预定两张机票。
(2) He didn’t wish it mentioned. 他不愿这事被提起。
【注意】过去分词所表示的动作一定和宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系.
(二)使役动词have接过去分词作宾补有两种情况.
1. 过去分词所表示的动作由他人完成.
He had his money stolen.他的钱给偷了.(被别人偷去了)
2. 过去分词所表示的动作由句中的主语所经历.如: He had his leg broken.他的腿断了. (自己的经历)
五、"with +宾语+过去分词"结构
此结构中,过去分词用作介词 with的宾语补足语.这一结构通常在句中作时间,方式,条件,原因等状语.
(1) The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back. 凶手被带进来了,他的双手被绑在背后.(表方式)
(2) With water heated, we can see the steam. 水一被加热,我们就会看到水蒸气.(表条件)
(3) With the matter settled, we all went home. 事情得到解决,我们都回家了.(表原因)
(4)_She stood in front of him, with her eyes fixed on his face. 她站在他面前,眼睛注视着他.
(5) He stood for an instant with his hand still raised. 他仍然举着手站了一会儿.
英语 过去式(不是过去分词) 全部:be,am ,is -was
are-were
begin-began
become-become
bet-bet
blow-blown
break-kroke
bring-brought
build-built
buy-bought
can-could
catch-caught
choose-chosen
cut-cut
come-came
do-did
draw-drew
drink-drank
drive-drove
eat-ate
fall-fell
feed-fed
feel-felt
find-found
fly-flew
forght-forgot
get-got
go-went
have,has-had
hear-heard
hold-held
keep-kept
knoe-knew
learn-learnt,learned
leave-left
let-let
make-made
may-might
mean-meant
meet-met
must-must
put-put
read-read
ride-rode
ring-rang
run-ran
say-said
see-saw
sell-sold
shall-should
shoe-shoeed
sing-sang
sit-sit
sat-sat
sleep-slept
speak-spoke
spend-spent
stand-stood
swim-swam
take-took
teach-taught
tell-told
think-thought
throw-threw
understand-understood
will-would
write-wrote

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